Brief introduction of hydraulic dredgers

Hydraulic dredgers mainly use the movement of water to complete dredging tasks. It mechanically cuts the underwater soil layer to loosen it, mixes the sediment with water to form a mud-water mixture (mud) with a certain concentration, and then suctions it out with a pump to achieve the purpose of dredging. including the following:

1. Cutter suction dredger

The cutter suction dredger uses the rotating reamer to loosen the soil at the bottom of the river, mixes it with water to form mud, sucks it into the pump body through the mud suction pipe, and sends it to the mud discharge area through the mud discharge pipe. There are two steel columns at the stern of the dredger. When dredging, one of them is inserted into the river bottom as a positioning pile, and the dredger is pulled by the anchor cable. The positioning pile is used as the center to swing left and right for dredging. When moving forward, like walking on two legs, use another steel column to replace the pile alternately, and the reamer dredging process is fan-shaped. With its continuous completion, it is a dredger with high efficiency and low cost. It is suitable for the dredging of inland rivers and lakes and coastal ports with small wind waves and low flow velocity. It is more suitable for excavating sand, sandy loam, silt, and other soils. Using a toothed reamer can dig clay, but the work efficiency is low.

2. Trailing suction dredger

The trailing suction dredger sucks mud through the rake heads placed on both sides or the stern of the hull and works in a way of sucking mud while sailing. It uses a mud rake to loosen the soil, and a bottom mud tank is set in the middle of the ship. The volume of the tank indicates the size of the ship. Trailer suction dredgers have single or double rakes, which are arranged at the tail or on both sides, and some single rakes are placed on one side. The trailing suction dredger has flexible maneuverability, high efficiency, and strong wind and wave resistance. It is suitable for operation in coastal ports, wide rivers, and ship anchorages. In coastal and estuary areas with strong winds and waves and no shelter, self-propelled trailing suction dredging is directly used. Boat. It is suitable for loose and soil work with a lower hardness than clay.

3. Jet dredger

The utility model relates to a new type of engineering ship that uses jet technology as a mining tool, that is, an underwater flow beam to break soil and a jet mud pump as a sucking dredging device. Compared with conventional dredgers (cutter suction type, drag suction type, chain bucket type, etc.), it is more economical. Compared with the same dredging volume, jet dredgers are small in scale, low in cost, and reliable in their work.

4. Jet suction dredger

Depending on the action of the centrifugal dredge pump installed on the dredger, a certain degree of vacuum is generated in the suction pipe of the dredger, and the bottom silt, sand, and other relatively loose substances are sucked up together with the water through the suction head at the top of the suction pipe. Through the discharge pipe of the mud pump, the mud is discharged or transported to the mud discharge field. When the dredger is dredging the reservoir, in order to increase the mud suction effect, a jet is added to the front of the top of the suction pipe to make the mud thicker.

The degree is improved, and the production efficiency of the dredger is improved. This type of dredger is suitable for absorbing underwater sandy and non-cohesive soil, as well as soft and easy-flowing mud, so this dredger is mostly used for maintenance dredging of river channels and maintenance dredging of estuaries.